Positivliste (Daftar Bidang Pekerjaan di Jerman untuk Orang Asing)

Positivliste merupakan Daftar Pekerjaan di Jerman yang dapat diisi oleh pekerja terampil asing (bukan warga negaraa Jerman) dalam kondisi tertentu di Jerman. Hal ini dilakukan karena kurangnya pekerja terampil pada jenis pekerjaan tertentu sehingga boleh di isi oleh orang asing (warga negara non Jerman). Positiveliste di atur dan ditentukan oleh Badan Ketenagakerjaan Federal.

Dasar hukumnya adalah § 6 (2) kalimat 1 no 2 dari Ordonansi Ketenagakerjaan Tahun ….. Tujuan peraturan ini adalah untuk mempermudah pekerja terampil untuk bermigrasi ke Jerman.

Tetapi siapa pun ingin mengisi profesi yang tercantum dalam daftar ini tidak dapat langsung memulai pekerjaan di Jerman. Pertama-tama, yang bersangkutan harus menentukan dan menyatakan bahwa pendidikannya sesuai dengan pendidikan berkualitas di Jerman.

Syarat dapat bekerja di Jerman adalah memiliki keahlian yang diakui oleh pemerintah Jerman.

Anda dapat bekerja di Jerman jika:

1. Telah Lulus program Ausbildung untuk pekerjaan dengan kualifikasi Fachkraft (Tenaga Ahli)
2. Telah Lulus program Weiterbildung untuk pekerjaan dengan kualifikasi Meister (Spesialis)
3. Telah Lulusan Sarjana dari Universitas Jerman untuk peker- jaan dengan kualifikasi Fachkraft (Tenaga Ahli) dan Meister (Spesialis).

Lulusan sarjana dari Indonesia tidak dapat langsung bekerja di Jerman. Maka harus melalui proses penyetaraan gelar profesional dan keahlian sampai diakui 100%. Cara mendapatkan pengakuan dapat melalui penyetaraan (Anarkenung) ditambah dengan magang di Jerman selama 1 s.d. 2 tahun. Magang harus dilakukan karena rata-rata lulusan Sarjana dari Indonesia hanya diakui 50% penyetaraannya terutama yang berkaitan dengan pengalaman, kualitas praktik/ bekerja.

Verordnung über die Beschäftigung von Ausländerinnen und Ausländern (Beschäftigungsverordnung – Beschv)

6 Ausbildungsberufe
Regulasi tentang Penempatan Tenaga Asing (Peraturan Ketenagakerjaan – Pekerjaan Ordonansi) Pasal § 6 magang

1. Untuk warga negara asing yang telah memperoleh pelatihan kejuruan yang berkualifikasi di Jerman dalam pekerjaan yang diakui oleh negara atau sebanding, mereka dapat diberikan otorisasi untuk mengejar pekerjaan yang sepadan dengan kualifikasi profesional mereka. Pelatihan kejuruan yang memenuhi syarat ada jika durasi pelatihan setidaknya dua tahun.

2. Bagi orang asing yang telah memperoleh kualifikasi profesional mereka di luar negeri, persetujuan untuk mengejar kualifikasi kejuruan dapat diberikan dalam pekerjaan yang diakui oleh negara atau yang dapat dibandingkan jika, sesuai dengan peraturan Federasiatau Länderuntukotoritasyangkompeten telah menetapkan kesetaraan kualifikasi profesional dengan pelatihan kejuruan domestik yang berkualitas, dan

Pertama

Orang yang bersangkutan telah ditempatkan oleh Badan Ketenagakerjaan Federal berdasarkan perjanjian dengan layanan ketenagakerjaan negara asal melalui prosedur, pemilihan, dan penempatan; atau

Kedua

Badan Ketenagakerjaan Federal telah membedakan menurut kekhususan regional dan telah menentukan bahwa pengisian posisi yang kosong dengan pelamar asing bertanggung jawab atas pasar tenaga kerja dan kebijakan integrasi.

3. Badan Ketenagakerjaan Federal dapat membatasi persetujuan dalam kasus kalimat 1 nomor 2 untuk negara asal tertentu dan dapat menentukan jumlah persetujuan yang diperlukan.

Persetujuan sesuai dengan ayat 1 dan 2 harus diberikan tanpa pemeriksaan

Whitelist

pursuant to section 6 (2) sentence 1 no. 2 of the Employment Regulation: Immigration of profession- als into recognized occupations.

The Federal Employment Agency (Bundesagentur für Arbeit, BA) has determined that the filling of vacancies in the following occupations with foreign applicants is justifiable regarding labour market and integration policy under the following conditions:

LIST OF PROFESSIONS OR PROFESSIONAL GROUPS:

You will find a summary of recognised occupations and individual activities in Annex 1.  A publication of the position in the job market is not a prerequisite for the BA’s consent to the employment of foreign employees.

EXPLANATIONS

 Regarding the Whitelist

The occupations were selected based on the Federal Employment Agency’s skilled-worker bottleneck analysis, which is available online at the following location: www.statistik.ar- beitsagentur.de > Labour market reports > demand for skilled workers and jobs > Current bottleneck analysis

The bottleneck analysis focuses on nationwide bottlenecks, supplemented by a regional view on the level of the federal states.

For the Whitelist according to section 6 paragraph. 2 Sentence 1 No. 2 of the Employment regulation, occupations from the skilled-worker bottleneck analysis were selected for which no other possibilities of labour market entry exist, e.g. the EU Blue Card for academics.

The newly added occupations are underlined.

The skilled worker’s bottleneck analysis is updated every six months. The Whitelist is only to be updated, however, if two consecutive reviews of the available information indicate that the list should be changed. The new Skilled Immigration Act will enter into force on March 1st 2020. From that date the Whitelist will no longer apply.

Regarding the qualification level

Qualification level 2 – skilled worker – corresponds to a professionally oriented activity which requires at least two years of vocational training or comparable qualification.

Qualification level 3 – Specialist – is assigned to occupations that require special knowledge and special skills, which usually require a master or technician training or an equivalent tech- nical college or university degree.

General information on labour market entry for foreign applicants is available on the Internet at www.arbeitsagentur.de/arbeitsmarktzulassung

Annexe 1 to the Whitelist –

summary of individual recognised training occupations

The following list explains the Whitelist of individual training occupations and activities. The job titles come from the database BERUFENET of the Federal Employment Agency. Information on the individual occupations can be found at www.berufenet.arbeitsagentur.de.

YOUR PATH TO GERMANY AS A SKILLED WORKER

 The Employment Regulation (BeschV), which entered into force on 1 July 2013, created the basis for facilitating the immigration of skilled workers into Germany.

According to section 6 para.2 sentence1 no. 2 of this Regulation, consent may be granted for foreign nationals who have acquired their professional qualification abroad to pursue employment corresponding to their professional qualification in a state-recognised or comparably regulated training occupation, if the body responsible for vocational recognition under the regulations of the Federal Government or the state regulation has established the equivalence of the professional qualification with qualified vocational training in Germany and the Federal Employment Agency for the relevant occupation or occupational group has determined, differentiated according to regional particularities, that filling the vacancies with foreign applicants is justifiable in terms of labour market and integration policy.

The consent is granted without the fundamental examination required to determine whether pref- erential employees are available to fill the position. However, the employment conditions offered must correspond to those of comparable domestic employees.

Following on from the ” EU Blue Card” for highly qualified people, improved recognition of foreign professional qualifications and easier entry opportunities for students from non-EU countries, the Whitelist is a further important step towards enabling employees from third countries to have uncomplicated access to the German labour market and to meet the skilled labour needs of the German economy with qualified immigration.

WHAT HAPPENS NEXT FOR YOU AS A WORKER?

 If you have found your occupation on the “list of occupations” and would like to work in your trained occupation in Germany, you must now find out whether your training corresponds to that of a qualified training programme in Germany. You can find out whether this is the case, as well as how and where you can apply to have the equivalence of your qualification determined, by visiting the website: “Recognition in Germany“.

Once this check is completed and you have been issued with a certificate from the relevant au- thority confirming the equivalence of your training to a German programme of education, you may, upon presentation of this certificate, apply for an entry visa at the German diplomatic mission or consular post abroad in your home country. If you are already living in Germany or can travel there without a visa, then the immigration office (Auslä nderbehö rde) in your municipality is re- sponsible for you.

It may be necessary to acquire additional theoretical knowledge and/or professional experience in your home country to determine the equivalence of your degree. With a residence title (Aufen- thaltstitel) according to section 17a of the Residence Act (AufenthG), you are permitted to enter Germany to do a training programme for a duration of up to 18 months if such a programme is required to determine the equivalence of your qualification. In addition to doing the training pro- gramme, you can work up to ten hours per week independently of such a programme. In the case of a job that is closely related on an occupational level to the occupation you intend to carry out in the future, there are no time limits in relation to doing such work.

If you have a residence permit according to section 17a of the Residence Act you can also enter Germany to take the examination required to determine the equivalence of your foreign qualifica- tions. If proof of professional experience but not the acquisition of additional theoretical knowledge is required to determine the equivalence of your degree, you can also receive a residence permit for the purpose of employment with the consent of the Federal Employment Agency (section 18 of the Residence Act (AufenthG), in conjunction with section 8 of the Employment Regulation (Bes- chV)).